In the last 30 years, Pakistan has faced an epic energy crisis, and the government has fumbled spectacularly in trying to match supply with demand. For some mysterious reason, policymakers have completely ignored green energy options like hydro power, solar, and wind energy. It could be a lack of political will or just plain laziness of the ruling elite. Our politicians seem to be afflicted with a chronic case of "poor decision-making." They love quick fixes, no matter how expensive or impractical. Ironically, Pakistan is supposed to be a democracy, with leaders elected by the people. Yet, they craft policies that are completely out of touch with what the population needs. The topic of electricity tariffs has become the favorite subject of endless debates because, despite all the talk, the energy crisis remains as persistent as ever. Not investing in green energy is almost criminal. Households can't afford fossil fuel energy, and to make matters worse, the cost per kil
Industrial Revolution (IR1-IR2-IR3-IR-4) In my earlier post only the first industrial revolution was generally discussed. Let us discuss the detail of four stages of Industrial Revolution. First Industrial Revolution - IR1 (Year 1765): Mile Stone in the History of Mankind… Abraham Darby-I (14 April 1677 – 5 May 1717, the first and best known of several men of that name ), was a British iron master and foundry-man . He lived in a small village called Coal Brook Dale in Shrophire County, England. Shrophire is called the cradle of industrial revolution because it was Abraham Darby who discovered how to melt iron ore using coke for heating. (Coal is converted to coke by heating without air). The First Revolution was driven by limited use of steam engines , interchangeable parts and mass production and was largely water-powered (especially in the United States). Second Industrial Revolution – IR2 (Year 1870). Henry Bessemer in 1856 laid the milestone by inventi